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The term cepstrum was introduced by Bogert et al. and has
come to be accepted terminology for the inverse Fourier transform of
the logarithm of the power spectrum of a signal.
(L.R. Rabiner and R.W.Schafer, Digital Processing of Speech Signals,
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978) |
In 1963, Bogert, Healy and Tukey published a paper with the
unusual title "The Quefrency Analysis of Time Series for
Echoes: Cepstrum, Pseudoautocovariance, Cross-Cepstrum, and Saphe
Cracking." They observed that the logarithm of the power
spectrum of a signal containing an echo has an additive periodic
component due to the echo, and thus the Fourier transform of the
logarithm of the power spectrum should exhibit a peak at the echo
delay. They called this function the cepstrum, interchanging
letters in the word spectrum because "in general, we find
ourselves operating on the frequency side in ways customary on the
time side and vice versa." Bogert et al. went on to define an
extensive vocabulary to describe this new signal processing
technique; however, only the term cepstrum has been widely
used.
(A.V.Oppenheim and R.W.Schafer, Discrete-Time Signal Processing,
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989) |
The transformation of a signal into its cepstrum is a homomorphic
transformation, and the concept of the cepstrum is a fundamental
part of the theory of homomorphic systems for processing
signals that have been combined by convolution.
(A.V.Oppenheim and R.W.Schafer, Discrete-Time Signal Processing,
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989) |
cepstrum, homomorphic processing
に関する教科書・参考文献 |
- Discrete-Time Signal Processing, A.V.Oppenheim and R.W.Schafer,
Prentice Hall, ISBN0-13-754920
- Digital Processing of Speech Signals, L.R.Rabiner and R.W.Schafer,
Prentice Hall, ISBN0-13-213603
- Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals, J.R.Deller,Jr.,
J.G.Proakis and J.H.L.Hansen, Prentice Hall, ISBN0-02-328301
- Seismic Applications of Homomorphic Signal Processing, J.M.Tribolet,
Prentice Hall
- 音声信号処理,今井
聖,森北出版
- 現在,音声処理の分野では複素ケプストラム(complex
cepstrum)が逆畳み込みのために用いられることはほとんどありません. スペクトルの平滑化処理のためにパワー・ケプストラム(power
cepstrum)やリフタリング処理(liftering)が使われる程度です.
- ケプストラムを用いた逆畳み込みは地震波形の解析など音声以外の分野で用いられています.
- 上記の参考文献『音声信号処理』(今井聖
著)で解説されているメルケプストラム(mel cepstrum)を用いた音声分析・合成手法は人間の聴覚特性をも考慮した優れたものですが,製品レベルでは用いられていません. 携帯電話等に用いられている音声圧縮・伸張手法は線形予測をベースに規格化されたものが主流になっています. それに対して線形予測よりも後から体系化されたメルケプストラムは,時期的に高効率の音声圧縮・伸張方式の実用化・規格化の波に乗り遅れた感があります.
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